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	<title>World Change Cafe &#187; Gardening</title>
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		<title>Composting: Give Back to Mother Earth</title>
		<link>http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/08/08/composting-give-back-to-mother-earth/</link>
		<comments>http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/08/08/composting-give-back-to-mother-earth/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 09 Aug 2009 00:05:07 +0000</pubDate>
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				<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gardening]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Green Living]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Sustainability]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Carbon]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/08/08/composting-give-back-to-mother-earth/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[The state of our environment has gotten so bad, that if you’re paying attention and have a bone of compassion in your body, it’s more than a little disturbing. A lump of trash is floating in the water near the North Pole twice the size of France; it’s about 33 feet deep. Landfills around the world are overloaded. "First world" trash is shipped to "third world" countries and people living near the dump sites are getting sick. Even our healthy foods have become nutrient deplete because of improperly cared for soils, and all while literally millions of pounds of pesticides are dumped onto the land daily.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> by Kim Evans, citizen journalist</p>
<p>(NaturalNews) The state of our environment has gotten so bad, that if you&#8217;re paying attention and have a bone of compassion in your body, it&#8217;s more than a little disturbing. A lump of trash is floating in the water near the North Pole twice the size of France; it&#8217;s about 33 feet deep. Landfills around the world are overloaded. &#8220;First world&#8221; trash is shipped to &#8220;third world&#8221; countries and people living near the dump sites are getting sick. Even our healthy foods have become nutrient deplete because of improperly cared for soils, and all while literally millions of pounds of pesticides are dumped onto the land daily.</p>
<p>In light of the obvious problems, and the reluctance for real change from a top down approach, a lot of people have started wondering what they, individually, can do about these problems that seem larger than any one of us. Fortunately, there are a couple of solutions that, in their own ways, address many of the problems above.</p>
<p>One of those answers is composting, or turning your kitchen and yard waste into nutrient-rich soil. Composting is a fun project, and it&#8217;s one of the most environmentally friendly things you can do.</p>
<p>Composting works on environmental problems on a number of levels.</p>
<p>The truth is: if you eat a fresh fruit and vegetable oriented diet, recycle all you can, and compost all you can, there really isn&#8217;t much left to send to the landfill. If you&#8217;re already recycling, and simply start composting, many families can reduce the amount of trash leaving the house by half or more.</p>
<p>By composting instead of sending the waste to the landfill, you&#8217;re actively reducing the amounts of greenhouse gasses created in the landfill, and the compost itself pulls the greenhouse gas carbon dioxide out of the air.</p>
<p>It&#8217;s estimated that a fifth acre garden with compost tilled into the top 8 inches of soil can remove 19,000 pounds of carbon from the atmosphere. That offsets about one and a half years of an average American&#8217;s carbon emissions.</p>
<p>When your compost has finished, you can use it to fertilize your yard &#8211; and end the use of store bought or chemical fertilizers. This makes your yard (and the air around your home) safer for you and your family, while feeding optimal nutrition to the Earth and creating an optimal growing environment. It&#8217;s said that well composted soil helps with every growing problem, including pests and drainage.</p>
<p>Once your soil has been brought to life with your nutrient-dense compost, you might be encouraged to plant a few fruit trees, vegetables, or herb bushes to regularly provide fresh pesticide-free foods for your family in a sustainable manner.</p>
<p>While composting isn&#8217;t the whole answer, it&#8217;s a great start in the right direction. Another big improvement is to simply avoid plastics whenever possible. Plastics, particularly plastic bags, aren&#8217;t easily recyclable. In fact, each grocery store plastic bag costs only 1 cent to make, but far more to recycle. That&#8217;s why so many of them are floating up near the North Pole.</p>
<p><strong>How to Compost</strong></p>
<p>For the uninitiated, composting might seem overwhelming, but once you know the basics, it&#8217;s simple. Here&#8217;s a quick run down on the basics of composting.</p>
<p>One of the most important things is that you need about 1/3 greens to 2/3 browns for it to be successful. But, what does this mean? Generally speaking, greens are from your kitchen and anything green from your yard. Brown is anything brown from your yard (including dried grass and leaves), and can also include cardboard, paper towels, and newspaper. Waste from a cat or dog should not be added to the pile.</p>
<p>If you don&#8217;t have enough browns your nitrogen balance will be off and you&#8217;ll know this because your compost will start to smell, which is undesirable. The green brown ratio doesn&#8217;t need to be exact, but keep in mind that you&#8217;ll need more browns than greens. And if it starts to smell, just add more browns, mix it up, and it should become fine.</p>
<p>All fruit and vegetable waste is fair game for composting, but don&#8217;t use processed foods, dairy, egg, or meat remains; they&#8217;ll rot (in a bad way) or attract animals. Egg shells are fine. They add calcium, but if you use them, rinse and crush them; they take a while to decompose. If you want to speed your results, cut up your kitchen remains before adding them to your compost pile.</p>
<p>You&#8217;ll need an area of your yard for composting or a compost bin. You can buy a professional bin, or make one with a container you already have. Either way, the size should be in line with the amount you&#8217;ll be composting. It should be kept in a warm place that ideally is a little away from your house.</p>
<p>Once your bin or composting area is all set up, just toss everything in and mix it up. Then toss in some dirt to give it the microbes needed to start the decomposition process. Then add a layer of browns to the top, which will trap the heat inside and discourage pests.</p>
<p>Your compost should be a little damp, but not soaked which can lead to fungal growth. Your compost should also have access to air, as opposed to being sealed. You can and should &#8220;turn&#8221; or stir your compost somewhat regularly, at least every week or two. Turning your compost will give it air and speed the process along. After turning it or adding more greens, add a light layer of browns to the top.</p>
<p>The length of time it&#8217;ll take to decompose depends on a couple of factors, including the temperature of the compost, the size of the pieces, how often you turn it, the size of the compost, and more. Depending on these factors, it can take anywhere from a month to several months to completely decompose.</p>
<p>Some people keep two bins going simultaneously. One can be added to on a continual basis while the other is left to compost without new materials being added. When the fully composted material is finished and used, a new batch is started, and the pile that was previously the &#8220;add to&#8221; pile becomes the pile that just sits to compost.</p>
<p>Keep in mind, there are many different approaches to composting out there. The above is the down and dirty for the beginning composter, and should be enough to get you started.</p>
<p>More:<br />
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/5208645/Drowning-in-plastic-The-Great-Pacific-Garbage-Patch-is-twice-the-size-of-France.html">http://www.telegraph.co.uk/earth/environment/5208645/Drowning-in-plastic-The-Great-Pacific-Garbage-Patch-is-twice-the-size-of-France.html</a><br />
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.epa.gov/oppbead1/pestsales/01pestsales/historical_data2001_3.htm">http://www.epa.gov/oppbead1/pestsales/01pestsales/historical_data2001_3.htm</a><br />
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.motherearthnews.com/Organic-Gardening/2006-10-01/Compost-Made-Easy.aspx">http://www.motherearthnews.com/Organic-Gardening/2006-10-01/Compost-Made-Easy.aspx</a><br />
<a target="_blank" href="http://www.foodshare.net/garden13.htm">http://www.foodshare.net/garden13.htm</a></p>
<p>Reposted from <a href="http://www.naturalnews.com/">NaturalNews</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Look on the Bright Side</title>
		<link>http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/07/17/look-on-the-bright-side/</link>
		<comments>http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/07/17/look-on-the-bright-side/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 18 Jul 2009 03:00:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>admin</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Environment]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/07/17/look-on-the-bright-side/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Recently I've begun compiling a list of things to be cheerful about. Here are some items that should bring a smile to any environmentalist's lips:]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>By Richard Heinberg,</p>
<p>Recently I&#8217;ve begun compiling a list of things to be cheerful about. Here are some items that should bring a smile to any environmentalist&#8217;s lips:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>World energy consumption is declining.</strong> That&#8217;s right: oil consumption is down, coal consumption is down, and the IEA is projecting world electricity consumption to decline by 3.5 percent this year. I&#8217;m sure it&#8217;s possible to find a few countries where energy use is still growing, but for the US, China, and most of the European countries that is no longer the case. A small army of writers and activists, including me, has been arguing for years now that the world should voluntarily reduce its energy consumption, because current rates of use are unsustainable for various reasons including the fact that fossil fuels are depleting. Yes, we should build renewable energy capacity, but replacing the energy from fossil fuels will be an enormous job, and we can make that job less daunting by reducing our overall energy appetite. Done.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are falling.</strong> This follows from the previous point. I&#8217;m still waiting for confirmation from direct NOAA measurements of CO2 in the atmosphere, but it stands to reason that if world oil and coal consumption is declining, then carbon emissions must be doing so as well. The economic crisis has accomplished what the Kyoto Protocol couldn&#8217;t. Hooray!</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Consumption of goods is falling.</strong> Every environmentalist I know spends a good deal of her time railing both publicly and privately against consumerism. We in the industrialized countries use way too much stuff &#8211; because that stuff is made from depleting natural resources (both renewable and non-renewable) and the Earth is running out of fresh water, topsoil, lithium, indium, zinc, antimony&#8230;the list is long. Books have been written trying to convince people to simplify their lives and use less, films have been produced and shown on PBS, and support groups have formed to help families kick the habit, but still the consumer juggernaut has continued &#8211; until now. This particular dragon may not be slain, but it&#8217;s cowering in its den.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Globalization is in reverse (global trade is shrinking).</strong> Back in the early 1990s, when <em>globalization</em> was a new word, an organization of brilliant activists formed the International Forum on Globalization (IFG) to educate the public about the costs and dangers of this accelerating trend. Corporations were off-shoring their production and pollution, ruining manufacturing communities in formerly industrial rich nations while ruthlessly exploiting cheap labor in less-industrialized poor countries. IFG was able to change the public discourse about globalization enough to stall the expansion of the World Trade Organization, but still world trade continued to mushroom. Not any more. China&#8217;s and Japan&#8217;s exports are way down, as is the US trade deficit.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>The number of vehicle miles traveled (VMT) is falling.</strong> For decades the number of total miles traveled by all cars and trucks on US roads has relentlessly increased. This was a powerful argument for building more roads. People bought more cars and drove them further; trucks restocked factories and stores at an ever-growing pace; and delivery vans brought more packages to consumers who shopped from home. All of this driving entailed more tires, pavement, and fuel &#8211; and more environmental damage. Over the past few months the VMT number has declined substantially and continually, to a greater extent than has been the case since records started being kept. That&#8217;s welcome news.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>There are fewer cars on the road.</strong> People are junking old cars faster than new ones are being purchased. In the US, where there are now more cars on the road than there are licensed drivers, this represents an extraordinary shift in a very long-standing trend. In her wonderful book <em>Divorce Your Car, </em>Katie Alvord detailed the extraordinary environmental costs of widespread automobile use. Evidently her book didn&#8217;t stem the tide: it was published in the year 2000, and millions of new cars hit the pavement in the following years. But now the world&#8217;s auto manufacturers are desperately trying to steer clear of looming bankruptcy, simply because people aren&#8217;t buying. In fact, in the first four months of 2009, more bicycles were sold in the US than cars and trucks put together (over 2.55 million bicycles were purchased, compared to fewer than 2.4 million cars and trucks). How utterly cool.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>The world&#8217;s over-leveraged, debt-based financial system is failing.</strong> Growth in consumption is killing the planet, but arguing against economic growth is made difficult by the fact that most of the world&#8217;s currencies are essentially loaned into existence, and those loans must be repaid with interest. Thus if the economy isn&#8217;t growing, and therefore if more loans aren&#8217;t being made, thus causing more money to be created, the result will be a cascading series of defaults and foreclosures that will ruin the entire system. It&#8217;s not a sustainable system given the fact that the world&#8217;s resources (the ultimate basis for all economic activity) are finite; and, as the proponents of Ecological and Biophysical Economics have been saying for years, it&#8217;s a system that needs to be replaced with one that can still function in a condition of steady or contracting consumption rates. While that sustainable alternative is not yet being discussed by government leaders, at least they are being forced to consider (if not yet publicly) the possibility that the existing system has serious problems and that it may need a thorough overhaul. That&#8217;s a good thing.</li>
</ul>
<ul>
<li><strong>Gardening is going gonzo.</strong> According to the <em>New York Times </em>(&#8220;College Interns Getting Back to Land,&#8221; May 25) thousands of college students are doing summer internships on farms this year. Meanwhile seed companies are having a hard time keeping up with demand, as home gardeners put in an unusually high number of veggie gardens. Urban farmer Will Allen <a href="http://www.boston.com/lifestyle/food/articles/2009/05/27/back_to_the_land/"><strong>predicts</strong></a> that there will be 8 million new gardeners this year, and the number of new gardens is expected to increase 20 to 40 percent this season. Since world oil production has peaked, there is going to be less oil available in the future to fuel industrial agriculture, so we are going to need more gardens, more small farms, and more farmers. Never mind the motives of all these students and home gardeners &#8211; few of them have ever heard of Peak Oil, and many of the gardeners are probably just worried whether they can afford to keep the pantry full next winter; nevertheless, they&#8217;re doing the right thing. And that&#8217;s something to applaud.</li>
</ul>
<p>But wait, before our cheering becomes an uncontrollable frenzy, we should stop to remember that most of these developments are due to an economic crisis that is taking a huge toll. With the possible exception of the last item on the list (and maybe some of those bicycle purchases), we&#8217;re not talking about voluntary behavior that&#8217;s evidence of forethought and collective intelligence. Whatever gains in sustainability these trends signify have come at an enormous cost in terms of unemployment, homelessness, and lost retirement savings.</p>
<p>Take all this to its tragic extreme. What if a billion humans died over the course of, say, the next ten years from starvation or swine flu? That would take a lot of pressure off natural systems. There would be more space for other species to flourish, and consumption of natural resources (oil, coal, water, and so on) would decline dramatically, improving the economic prospects of the survivors. So from a certain perspective this unimaginable nightmare might be seen as a good thing &#8211; though hardly anyone who actually experienced it would likely see it that way.</p>
<p>Parenthetically, it&#8217;s worth noting that this whole line of thought may be dangerous. Some free-market PR hack from the Cato Institute is likely reading along right now just as you are, trying out headlines for a press release. &#8220;Environmentalist delights in economic collapse!&#8221; might be a good one, or &#8220;Environmentalist wants billions of humans to die!&#8221; One way to avert that kind of backlash is to keep mum about the fact that economic contraction actually does have benefits, and so far most other environmental writers have been playing it safe in that regard. I&#8217;ve crossed the line here, so watch out. I might get us all in trouble.</p>
<p>Now back to our theme. At its core, the dilemma is this: We humans have overshot Earth&#8217;s carrying capacity through overpopulation and over-consumption, and have created all sorts of other problems in doing so (such as climate change). But nature will take care of all these difficulties. Overpopulation will eventually be solved by starvation and disease. Over-consumption will be reined in by resource depletion and scarcity. Climate change will take longer to fix, maybe thousands or millions of years &#8211; assuming we don&#8217;t turn Earth into Venus.</p>
<p>But nature&#8217;s ways of solving our problems are not going to be pleasant. And so the enormous, overriding question confronting our species during the remainder of this century will be, <em>Are we humans capable of getting out ahead of nature&#8217;s checks so as to proactively rein in our population and consumption in ways we can live with?</em></p>
<p>Boil down all the environmental literature of the past century, and that&#8217;s the essence of most of it. So far, that literature has not had its desired effect: our species has continued to expand both in numbers and in per-capita impact.</p>
<p>But the items outlined above suggest that we&#8217;ve turned a corner. It&#8217;s no longer a matter of nature &#8220;eventually&#8221; providing checks on humanity&#8217;s boisterous expansionism. That&#8217;s starting to happen. And it&#8217;s not yet due to climate change: yes, we are indeed seeing potentially catastrophic impacts in terms of melting glaciers and so on, but those by themselves have not tempered the economic juggernaut. Instead, it is resource depletion that has begun to slow the freight train of industrialism. Over the past two or three years, high energy prices burst the bubble of unsupportable property prices and pulled the rug out from beneath the teetering financial derivatives market.</p>
<p>That&#8217;s what the whole Peak Oil discussion has really been about. It&#8217;s an attempt to identify the key resource whose scarcity will tip the global economy from growth to contraction.</p>
<p>But wait: this essay was supposed to help us look on the bright side. The discussion&#8217;s getting kind of dark here.</p>
<p>Okay, my point is this: we have reached the inevitable turning point. The growth trance that has gripped the world for the past several decades is in the process of ending. Even if we get short periods of economic growth, that growth will be in the context of a significantly contracted economy and will only be temporary in any case, as Peak Oil and other resource constraints will quickly damper increasing economic activity. Gradually, as &#8220;recovery&#8221; gets put off for another month, another year, another few years, people may begin to realize that the expansionary phase of the era of cheap energy is finished. There are of course no guarantees that the public and their business and political leaders will indeed finally &#8220;get it,&#8221; because the urge to hang onto the growth illusion will be very strong indeed. But if the misery persists, there&#8217;s at least a chance that understanding will finally dawn in the collective mind of our species &#8211; the understanding that we must get out ahead of nature&#8217;s checks and deliberately reduce the scale of the human enterprise in ways that maximize the prospects of both present and future generations.</p>
<p>But all won&#8217;t automatically come to that conclusion on their own. A fundamental change in our comprehension of the human condition will depend on more and more public intellectuals articulating the message of deliberate adaptation to limits, so that the general populace has the necessary conceptual tools with which to mentally process their new circumstances. We will also need far more people working on practical elements of the transition. Those will be ongoing needs &#8211; a growth opportunity, if you will pardon the irony, for smart and articulate young people interested in making a difference. And they&#8217;ll be most successful if they find ways of framing needed behavior and attitudinal changes in ways that are attractive and inviting &#8211; as the Transition Initiatives so brilliantly do.</p>
<p>So in that sense, when I say &#8220;Look on the bright side,&#8221; no irony or sarcasm is intended.</p>
<p>Reposted from <a href="http://www.postcarbon.org/">PostCarbon.org</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		<title>Oil, Food, and Agrotherapy</title>
		<link>http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/03/07/oil-food-and-agrotherapy/</link>
		<comments>http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/03/07/oil-food-and-agrotherapy/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 07 Mar 2009 21:02:57 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2009/03/07/oil-food-and-agrotherapy/</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Petroleum supplies slowly dwindle as demand rapidly soars. So the prices of gasoline and oil that supply modern societies with their industrial production of food will go up, up, and away. A radically different future than the oil-energized twentieth century is dawning.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p> by Shepherd Bliss</p>
<p>Petroleum supplies slowly dwindle as demand rapidly soars. So the prices of gasoline and oil that supply modern societies with their industrial production of food will go up, up, and away. A radically different future than the oil-energized twentieth century is dawning.</p>
<p>Let&#8217;s face it: our world has become increasingly maddening. Bad news mounts each day: unending wars, financial crises, earthquakes, hurricanes and cyclones killing thousands, chaotic climate change, vanishing pollinating bees and polar bears, rising oceans, thinning forests and a host of human-created or &#8211; worsened threats. We live in uncertain times with an even more uncertain future. We face unprecedented, unpredictable converging threats. What can one do to remain somewhat sane? The ostrich approach of denial by burying one&#8217;s head in the sand will not be effective or life enhancing.</p>
<p>It is a good time for an increasing number of people to return to the multiple benefits and pleasures of growing at least part of their own food by gardening and farming. In addition to satisfying the need to eat and drink, farming can also help deal with depression, passivity, and other forms of psychological suffering. It can help treat both the body and the soul.</p>
<p>One of the many good things that farms based on nature&#8217;s patterns can do is help balance people. Much psychological suffering and even mental illnesses have to do with imbalances, which characterize modern society. Before turning to drugs, one can at least try visiting farms and perhaps volunteering to work there. Or one can connect with farms in collaboration with other treatment programs.</p>
<p>Farming can be done in ways that preserve the Earth and put humans in direct contact with it. &#8220;Small farms are the most productive on earth,&#8221; according to the May 11 <em>New York Times</em> article, &#8220;Change We Can Stomach,&#8221; by farmer and chef Dan Barber. &#8220;A four-acre farm in the United States nets, on average, $1,400 per acre; a 1,364-acre farm nets $39 an acre,&#8221; he writes. &#8220;Farming has the potential to go through the greatest upheaval since the Green Revolution, bringing harvests that are more meaningful, sustainable, and, yes, even more flavorful,&#8221; Barber contends.</p>
<p>Since growing one&#8217;s own food is not possible for everyone, it is also a good time to establish direct relationships with local farmers and shop more at farmers&#8217; markets, farm stands, and by subscribing to Community Supported Agriculture (CSAs). Urban agriculture, farms on the urban fringe, and rooftop gardening are becoming increasingly popular. The large city of Havana, Cuba, grows 70% of its own food. Necessity will change how people get their food in the near future.</p>
<p>Many Americans take their food sources for granted, assuming that super-markets will be able to always supply them with what they need. Having lived in Hawai&#8217;i when delivery disruptions and the lack of transportation across the ocean left bare shelves in food stores, I know the panic this can cause.</p>
<p><strong>The &#8220;Silent Tsunami,&#8221; &#8220;Misery Index,&#8221; and Mud Cakes</strong></p>
<p>A &#8220;silent tsunami&#8221; of hunger sweeps the globe, reports the head of the United Nation&#8217;s World Food Program, Josette Sheeran, speaking in late April at a food summit in London. The heightened hunger threat endangers 20 million of the world&#8217;s poorest children and is pushing 100 million people into poverty.</p>
<p>&#8220;This is the new face of hunger &#8211; the millions of people who were not in the urgent hunger category six months ago but now are,&#8221; Sheeran reports. &#8220;The world&#8217;s misery index is rising.&#8221;</p>
<p>During 2008 food riots broke out in the Caribbean, Africa, and Asia. &#8220;You are seeing the return of the food riot, one of the oldest forms of collective action,&#8221; commented Raj Patel in an April <em>25 San Francisco Chronicle</em> article. The University of California at Berkeley scholar wrote the new book <em>Stuffed and Starved: Power and the Hidden Battle for the World Food System</em>.</p>
<p>The World Bank estimates that food prices have risen 83% in three years; other estimates are in the 60 and 70 percent range. Even in the wealthy United States we have recently seen rationing of rice and other staples by food giants such as Costco and Wal-Mart&#8217;s Sam&#8217;s Clubs, the two biggest warehouse retail chains. Such trends are likely to continue and are creating stockpiling and hoarding.</p>
<p>&#8220;In the poorest districts (of Haiti), there is now a brisk trade in mud cakes,&#8221; writes Patel in an article titled &#8220;The Troubles with Food,&#8221; published at <a href="http://www.redpepper.org.uk/">http://www.redpepper.org.uk/</a>. &#8220;Mothers feed the biscuits, made with water, salt, margarine and clay, to their children. The cake puts a dampener on hunger, at least for a couple of hours, but leaves your mouth dry and bitter for several hours more,&#8221; he continues.</p>
<p>Industrial agriculture will be one of the many aspects of human life on the planet hit by the dwindle/demand oil trend and the related peaks of other fossil fuels, such as natural gas. Industrial agriculture depends upon petroleum in many ways &#8211; to run tractors and other machines, to make chemical pesticides and fertilizers, and to fuel the trucks that transport food an average of 1,500 miles from field to fork. Oil is the most important ingredient in most of conventional food. As the dwindle/demand rate intensifies, food will be less available and more expensive. Famine is likely.</p>
<p>Survival will require that more people return to an earlier energy supply &#8211; muscle power. As someone who made a transition in the early 1990s (while in my late 40s) from a livelihood based on college teaching and related intellectual activities to one based on farming, I can report that there are many advantages to such a change. I feel better as a result of living on the land, growing some of my own food, and sharing that organic food and the farm itself with others.</p>
<p>I have found my local place. In 2003 I accepted a great job offer in Hawai&#8217;i, but after a couple of wonderful years, I felt so homesick that I returned to my farm.</p>
<p>So this is a report from the farm front, which focuses on some of the psychological benefits of farming.</p>
<p>The multiple consequences of a diminishing supply of humanity&#8217;s major energy source at this point in history will include hardships, stress, and suffering. There are many ways of dealing psychologically with such matters, including with family, friends and professional counselors. This article will explore what I have come to describe as agropsychology and agrotherapy.</p>
<p>I was trained to be a counselor. Quite frankly, I was not good at doing individual therapy. I got too emotional and involved. I did not adequately develop the necessary professional armor and shield. I did not take enough distance from the people I was working with or have enough &#8220;impulse control.&#8221; So I shifted more to teaching, group work, and writing. In the time since my more conventional psychological training some forty years ago, self-disclosure and emotional men have become more acceptable as sex roles and professional codes have evolved.</p>
<p><strong>Ecopsychology and Ecotherapy</strong></p>
<p>Sierra Club Books published <em>Ecopsychology: Restoring the Earth, Healing the Mind in l996</em>. The term refers to the emerging synthesis of the psychological and the ecological. The book&#8217;s editor, Theodore Roszak, writes that &#8220;ecology needs psychology, psychology needs ecology.&#8221; Roszak reports on a l990 conference entitled &#8220;Psychology as if the Whole Earth Mattered.&#8221;</p>
<p>The Sierra Club plans to publish the book&#8217;s sequel <em>Ecotherapy: Healing with Nature in Mind</em> in March of 2009. My chapter &#8220;Farming, Sweet Darkness, Poetry, and Healing&#8221; is scheduled to be part of that book. After finishing my contribution I began to realize that what I was writing about could be called agrotherapy, which is the practice of agropsychology, which are sub-sets of ecopsychology and ecotherapy. Farms have historically been healing places, for both those who live and work there and those who visit. Farm tours and even overnight farm stays are becoming increasingly popular as examples of ecotourism. The Small Farm Program at the University of California at Davis, Sonoma County Farm Trails, and Daily Acts are among the many groups that promote such tours.</p>
<p>Simply put, by living on a farm and working the land on a regular basis, I have become a healthier person &#8211; physically and mentally. In recent years I have been hosting an increasing number of farm tours at Kokopelli Farm in the Sebastopol countryside, Sonoma County, Northern California. Community, school, and religious groups, as well as families and friends, come to the farm, which grows mainly organic berries and fruit and cares for chickens.</p>
<p>My visitors tend to feel better from their time on this traditional farm; something positive usually happens to them. Being outside in nature can benefit people. People typically loose sight of chronological time. They can fall into berry time or chicken time, which tend to be slower than the human-made clock, and often more fun and stress reducing. They sometimes lose their restraint and order, wanting to sprint ahead, or go off the path, as if they were animals, which they are.</p>
<p><strong>Chicken Wisdom and Agrotherapy</strong></p>
<p>This year I returned to teaching psychology, part-time, at Sonoma State University. I sometimes take chickens as Teaching Assistants (TAs). For example, I took two sweet silkies on Valentine&#8217;s Day; they modeled being love birds as they cooed and cuddled, one even feeling safe enough to lay an egg.</p>
<p>Chickens can teach many things, such as surrender to what is, joy at the dawn, transformation of throwaways into jewels, and love of the Earth within which chickens take their dust baths to help them get rid of parasites. Chickens offer incredible eggs, humor, joy, and beauty. That other two-legged can teach chicken wisdom, that of a prey, to humans, who are predators. It includes, but is not limited to, the following: delight in simple things (like worms), keep dancing, recycle, snuggle into the earth, slow down, combine vulnerability and hardiness.</p>
<p>Agrotherapy is not therapy-as-usual. It happens mainly in the open, outside an office, a building, a city and without a defined time limit. The freedom to wonder and to meander characterize being outside. One does not enter the same human-made setting each time; farms are seasonal, as humans are, and are constantly changing. The therapists-of-the-outdoors include trees, berries, birds, bees, chickens, the moon and stars, the clouds, crow congresses and others who can help relieve stress, anxiety, suffering, and even sickness.</p>
<p>Tears sometimes come to the eyes of city folk when they sit on the ground beneath the giant redwoods or sprawling oaks at my farm. Something from their personal or collective memory seems to get activated. We listen to the wind and hear various sounds within it. Within just a few minutes I can usually feel a change in my guests. This is not a &#8220;talking cure.&#8221; It is non-talking, opening to the other senses. There is not therapeutic couch or chair; the forest provides a comforting bed upon which one can relax and reduce their stress.</p>
<p>My presence on such tours is more as a guide who can point things out, including patterns in nature and persons, and pose strategic questions, than as an expert to make book-based diagnoses and human-devised treatments. Farming &#8211; like therapy or personal growth &#8211; is a process with no clear beginning or end. There are products along the way, but the topsoil, for example, takes thousands of years to make. Perennial trees and berries planted by one family member can endure far beyond his or her lifetime into that of descendents, continuing to provide beauty and healing.</p>
<p>An email I sent to a local online listserve about agropsychology generated the following response from Jennifer York, the owner of the Bamboo Sorcery outside my hometown of Sebastopol:</p>
<p>&#8220;I can vouch for what you call &#8220;agropsychology.&#8217; It saved me as a youth in my recovery from a traumatic childhood, and now in middle age. I am once again finding great healing, joy, and contentment in growing my own garden and raising my own farm animals (chickens, rabbits, and someday dairy goats, I hope!) for food, fun and deep connection with the cycles of life and death. For me it is a spiritual, as well as a practical avocation. I recommend it. Besides, it may come in very handy someday.</p>
<p>&#8220;In the meantime I am having fun, and feel good about sharing the experience with my six-year-old daughter. I believe it is creating a sound foundation in her for the future. I have great gratitude to my deceased parents who were Back-to-Landers in the late ‘60s and ‘70s, and who exposed me to this rich and life affirming way of life.</p>
<p>&#8220;My husband says he can tell how happy I am by how much dirt is under my finger nails&#8230;and it&#8217;s true.&#8221;</p>
<p>In his book <em>Peak Everything: Waking Up to the Century of Declines</em> Peak Oil theorist Richard Heinberg includes a chapter titled &#8220;The Psychology of Peak Oil and Climate Change.&#8221; He writes, &#8220;The next few decades will be traumatic.&#8221; One resource that Heinberg refers to is the work of eco-philosopher Joanna Macy with respect to workshops on &#8220;despair and empowerment.&#8221; In them people are encouraged to deal with their grief, and thus feel their connection to the Earth.</p>
<p>Ecopsychology and ecotherapy can take many forms, including agropsychology and agrotherapy. These recently conceptualized fields can make a contribution to the larger fields of psychology and psychotherapy and thus to the healing of people and of the nature of which we are an integral part. Humans often seem to battle nature, whereas participation and collaboration with it seem more healthy, which these developing forms can support.</p>
<p>Reprinted from <a href="http://www.dissidentvoice.org/">Dissident Voice</a>.</p>
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		<title>Victory Gardens Symbolize a New Age</title>
		<link>http://www.worldchangecafe.com/2008/08/24/victory-gardens-symbolize-a-new-age/</link>
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		<pubDate>Sun, 24 Aug 2008 10:51:49 +0000</pubDate>
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		<description><![CDATA[Victory gardens are popping up all over. Last seen during World War II, these gardens now represent our fight to regain control of our lives and our health. They are the first battlefields against the increasing corporate tyranny, a battle that may end with us throwing off the philosophy of every man for himself and a realization that we are all together in this thing called life.]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>by Barbara L. Minton</p>
<p>(NaturalNews) Victory gardens are popping up all over. Last seen during World War II, these gardens now represent our fight to regain control of our lives and our health. They are the first battlefields against the increasing corporate tyranny, a battle that may end with us throwing off the philosophy of <em>every man for himself</em> and a realization that we are all together in this thing called life.</p>
<p>World War II united people and allowed them to reach into the depths of themselves and pull up a resourcefulness they didn&#8217;t know they had. During this time of horror and hope people realized that they were living out a great saga in their lives, and in this saga they all had a part to play. The world was a violent and dramatic place, yet also an awakening happened, a vision of unity and understanding. The victory garden has come to symbolize this unity and vision.</p>
<p><strong>What&#8217;s a victory garden?</strong></p>
<p>It was emphasized to urban and suburban dwellers that the produce from their gardens would help provide the nutritious food needed by the soldiers to keep them fighting strong. It would also help keep the price of that food low, so the War Department would have more money to spend on other military needs. The victory garden would also help solve the shortages of labor and transportation that made it difficult to harvest and transport produce to market. One poster from the mid 1940&#8242;s reading, &#8220;Our food is fighting&#8221; portrayed the high sense of patriotism so characteristic of the time.</p>
<p>The Department of Agriculture along with agribusiness corporations distributed booklets providing information about basic gardening techniques. In 1943, 20 million gardens were producing 8 million tons of food. Victory gardens were planted in backyards, apartment building roofs, vacant lots, backyards, and pretty much every available patch of dirt and container throughout the U.S., Canada, and the U.K. Neighbors pooled their resources, planted different kinds of foods and formed cooperatives, doing whatever had to be done.</p>
<p>Magazines printed stories about victory gardens, and women&#8217;s magazines provided instructions on how to grow and preserve garden produce. Sales of pressure cookers to use in canning skyrocketed as families were encouraged to can their own vegetables. Home canners used non-toxic glass mason jars. The government as well as businesses urged families to make gardening a group effort. At the peak of the effort, 9-10 million tons of produce was produced, an amount equal to all commercial production. Even children and teenagers willingly took part in the work of the garden.</p>
<p>The victory garden was clearly a victory on many levels.</p>
<p><strong>Why victory gardens are back in style</strong></p>
<p>Today we are again involved in fighting a battle, but this time the battle involves how to stay healthy and live genuine lives in a world where everything is increasing stacked against us.</p>
<p>Today&#8217;s commercially grown produce comes from soils depleted of the minerals and nutrients so necessary to keep us healthy in our polluted and stressful environment. Plants grown in depleted soils are less healthy and able to resist attack by pests, so the use of pesticides is more prevalent than ever. Much of our big agribusiness produce is now being grown in foreign countries not subject to highly controlled use of pesticide. Today&#8217;s big food corporations choose the cheapest, most effective pesticides, not the ones that are least toxic to humans and other life forms. Along with pesticide residues, our produce contains residual amounts of soil depleting synthetic chemical fertilizers which are toxic to our livers.</p>
<p>Parabolic gas prices are estimated to increase wholesale food prices by 30 percent in the coming months. We wonder how we will be able to continue buying quality foods to keep us healthy. Fruits and vegetables are on the road for 1500 miles on average, before they reach the supermarkets. Produce is picked without having a chance to ripen so it can withstand the long trip to market. During this process, even more of the nutrients are lost. When it finally reaches the supermarket, produce can sit in cold storage for a week before being put out for sale.</p>
<p>We want to have access to health promoting fruits and vegetables during the winter months without them having to be flown in from other parts of the world. Asparagus from Argentina in January is a luxury few can afford. Yet we are told that our commercially canned produce contains carcinogenic and toxic bisphenol-A.</p>
<p>We&#8217;re short on money to put gas into the SUV to drive our children around to their programmed activities. At the same time, we are realizing that our children are not really learning what is important in life. We yearn for projects and activities that will bring our families together.</p>
<p>We are stressed out and overworked trying to get the money to buy all the stuff that corporations have decided we must have. Our closets and homes are filled, but our bank accounts are empty. We are so busy that we seldom see our family as a whole or do activities in which the whole family participates. It&#8217;s time to say &#8216;no&#8217; to the big corporate food sellers and big oil. It&#8217;s time to reach inside ourselves again and rediscover that kernel of resourcefulness. It is still there.</p>
<p><strong>Victory gardens and the new age</strong></p>
<p>A victory garden is a manifestation of new thinking, new vision and an explosion of new understanding. We not only live in this world but we help create it. We can choose to participate in unity and renewal, and to become part of the higher forms of consciousness. We are at the point now where evolution can become conscious of itself.</p>
<p>We can choose to participate in a new age of creative intelligence and love. This new age is like a rising tide which may wash away those who seek to go on working in accordance with that old law of every man for himself. It is a movement just beginning like the emergence of a tiny shoot in spring. You can tear out that shoot or stomp on it, but there is no way that you can hold back the coming of spring.</p>
<p>We have had enough of the old ways of thinking, and we are here to take back control of our lives, our health, our resources, and our futures. We are resisting the control of destructive governmental and corporate forces. We are developing an energy and enthusiasm that characterizes new values, new ways of living, new survival techniques, and new experiences.</p>
<p>A garden that symbolizes our part in this evolution is a challenge and a source of immense hope. If a family or group is able to achieve this, others will follow and the movement will grow. In a time of famine for many and threatened famine for many others, the victory garden is an indication of a new way the earth can be made more fruitful. We must have a vision.</p>
<p>We realize with horror what the human race in its greed and arrogance is doing to the earth, and the life forms on it. Our ignorance of the realities of nature has led us to follow all sorts of practices which hurt and alienate. We are at the juncture where we may either come to be parasites upon the planet, or we may come to a new enlightenment. The choice is ours.</p>
<p>A victory garden can be our symbol of the victory of the decision to be part of the new enlightenment. It can provide us with a way to re-establish a positive relationship with nature as we are called on to love life-giving plants, to cherish and nurture them, to talk to them, and thank them for all their work for us. When we have reached out to do this, we are breaking down barriers within our minds, and our resistance to this new age will dissolve. We are readying ourselves to go forth openly toward nature with a loving attitude.</p>
<p>Remember, this is not somebody&#8217;s thought out plan. It is a phenomenon and an expression of the living energies for renewal that are sweeping through our society. This is a creative energy to renew in many facets, the garden being just one of them. The garden is an expression of a community filled with energy, enthusiasm and love for all life.</p>
<p>A garden teaches us the secrets of creation in various ways. Once we make the decision to pull back from the getting and spending lifestyle, we learn the power within us to create our world by the choices we make. We realize that we no longer have to be controlled by the power of events, but that by our power of thought, we control events. We can bring about what is in our thoughts.</p>
<p>When this is our direction we will have the confidence to succeed in the garden. Gardening is about the relationship we have with the plants. When we love and cherish them, they will return the favor. Plants are like our children. A child who is loved thrives no matter what the conditions are, but a child who has no love dies. Gardening is never about technique or the color of your thumb. It is about what is in your heart and spirit.</p>
<p><strong>About the author</strong></p>
<p>Barbara is a school psychologist, a published author in the area of personal finance, a breast cancer survivor using &#8220;alternative&#8221; treatments, a born existentialist, and a student of nature and all things natural.</p>
<p>Reprinted from <a href="http://www.naturalnews.com/">NaturalNews</a>.</p>
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